White,+Patrick

RESEARCH SCAFFOLD  || [] || [] || [] || Chronological reference to people and experiences that influenced the person explaining how they influenced them. ||  [] || [] || [] || [] || []** || [] ||  ||  [|**http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1973/white-autobio.html**] || [] || [] || Well known persons working at the same time. || === === R.M. WILLIAMS (1908 - 2003)
 *  || **Information and source where you found the information (eg website url, book (A,D,T,P), encyclopaedia **
 * **Title: ** Title is detailed, creative, sparks interest. || The Artistic Author ||
 * **Orientation: ** Establishes the name of the person, when and where they were born, their early family life and made them a famous person. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * I was born on May 28th 1912 in Knightsbridge, London, to Australian parents. Victor White was then forty-two, his wife, Ruth Withycombe, ten years younger. When I was six months old my parents returned to Australia and settled in Sydney, principally because my mother could not face the prospect of too many sisters-in-law on the property, in which my father had an interest, with three older brothers. Both my father's and my mother's families were yeoman-farmer stock from Somerset, England. My great-grandfather White had emigrated to New South Wales in 1826, as a flockmaster, and received a grant of crown land in the Upper Hunter Valley. None of my ancestors was distinguished enough to be remembered, though there is a pleasing legend that a Withycombe was fool to Edward II. My Withycombe grandfather emigated later in the nineteenth century. After his marriage with an Australian, he and my grandmother sailed for England, but returned when my mother was a year old. Grandfather Withycombe seems to have found difficulty in settling; he drifted from one property to another, finally dying near Muswellbrook on the Upper Hunter. My father and mother were second cousins, though they did not meet till shortly before their marriage. The Withycombes enjoyed less material success than the Whites, which perhaps accounted for my mother's sense of her own superiority in White circles. Almost all the Whites remained wedded to the land, and there was something peculiar, even shocking, about any member of the family who left it. To become any kind of artist would have been unthinkable. Like everybody else I was intended for the land, though, vaguely, I knew this was not to be.** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Born in London, Patrick Victor Martindale White settled in Sydney after serving in World War II. His novel The Tree of Man established his international reputation, enhanced by Miles Franklin awards for Voss and Riders in the Chariot and the 1973 Nobel Prize following** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * The Eye of the Storm. Often cantankerous, he was a generous benefactor to charity and the arts. He said: "Australians of all classes, levels of education, of the best intentions and integrity, are a prey to their native innocence**." ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Influences: **
 * After returning to Australia, he worked for two years as a jackaroo on a remote sheep station. To relieve his boredom, White wrote novels. From 1932 to 1935 White studied French and German literature at King's College, Cambridge. In 1935 White received his B.A. and settled in London, where he contributed poems to the //London Mercury//. His first published novel, the modernist HAPPY VALLEY (1939), set in New South Wales, won the Australian Literature Sociaty's gold medal. It was followed by THE LIVING AND THE DEAD (1941), set in pre-war London.** ||
 * ^  || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source **
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * At the end of the 1930s, White spent some time in America. During World War II White served in Royal Air Force Intelligence in Greece and The Middle East. "Superficially my war was a comfortable exercise in futility carried out in a grand Scottish hotel amongst the bridge players and swillers of easy-come-by whisky," White recalled in THREE UNEASY PIECES (1987). "My chest got me out of active service and into guilt, as I wrote two, or is it three of the novels for which I am now acclaimed." After the war, White settled in Australia with a Greek friend, Manoly Lascaris. They bought an old house in Castle Hill, a suburb of Sydney. For the next eighteen years they lived a farmers life, selling flowers, vegetables, milk, and cream.** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * Write first important work, THE AUNT'S STORY (1948), was a comic account of the travels of a spinster, Theodora Goodman, caught between two cultures of Britania and Australia. In 1955 appeared White's THE TREE OF MAN, first published in the United States and subsequently in England. When White started to work with the novel he doubted whether he should write another word after his books were ignored in Australia. However, this novel immediately established White's reputation as a major writer and was compared to** [|**Thomas Hardy**]**,** [|**Leo Tolstoy**]**, and** [|**D.H. Lawrence**]**. //The Tree of Man// was a family saga, which focused on ordinary people at the beginning of the 20th century. The protagonist, Stan and Amy, in searching for value in life establish a family and farm in the Australian wilderness, have children and grandchildren, but the land is eventually engulfed by suburb.** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Education: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Where and when they studied. Well ordered, and detailed description on when and where the person studied. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * Patrick Victor Martindale White was born in Knightsbridge, London of Australian parents. The early years of his life White spend in Australia, where his father, Victor Martindale, owned a large sheep farm. Already in his childhood, White showed interest in writing, and at the age of nine his first piece, written under the pseudonym 'Red Admiral', was published in the children's page of the Sydney //Sunday Times//. In 1925, he was sent to an English public school, Cheltenham College, an experience which he hated and referred to it as a 'four-year prison sentence'.** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * Patrick White was born in London in 1912, the son of a wealthy Australian grazier. A sickly child (suffering from asthma), he was educated in Australia and, from the age of 13, at an English public school. After completing his schooling, he worked for two years as a jackeroo on his parents' property. He returned to England in 1932 to attend Cambridge University where he studied French and German literature** ||
 * ^  || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * His first novels, which were published during the War, received literary acclaim but it was after he returned to Australia that Patrick White produced his greatest works including //The Tree of Man,// a long family saga which has been compared to the works of Thomas Hardy and Leo Tolsoy, //Voss//, which is the epic story of a doomed attempt to cross the Australian continent in 1845, and //Riders in the Chariot//, set in the imaginary town of Sasparilla which became the setting of several of White's novels and short stories//.// Both //Voss// and //Riders in the Chariot// received the Miles Franklin Awa**rd ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Major Achievements: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;"> Well ordered, and detailed description of the events and many personal comments.
 * This exhilarating personal situation was somewhat spoilt by the outbreak of war. During the early, comparatively uneventful months I hovered between London and New York writing too hurriedly a second novel, //The Living and the Dead//. In 1940 I was commissioned as an air force intelligence officer in spite of complete ignorance of what I was supposed to do.After a few hair-raising weeks amongst the RAF greats at Fighter Command I was sent zigzagging from Greenland to the Azores in a Liverpool cargo boat with a gaggle of equally raw intelligence officers, till finally we landed on the Gold Coast, to be flown by exotic stages to Cairo, in an aeroplane out of Jules Verne.** ||
 * ^  || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source: **
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * Patrick Victor Martindale White was an Australian author who was widely regarded as a major English-language novelist of the 20th century. From 1935 until his death, he published 12 novels, two short-story collections and eight plays. His fiction freely employs shifting narrative vantagepoints and a stream of consciousness technique. In 1973, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * Patrick Victor Martindale White was born in Knightsbridge, London of Australian parents. The early years of his life White spend in Australia, where his father, Victor Martindale, owned a large sheep farm. Already in his childhood, White showed interest in writing, and at the age of nine his first piece, written under the pseudonym 'Red Admiral', was published in the children's page of the Sydney //Sunday Times//. In 1925, he was sent to an English public school, Cheltenham College, an experience which he hated and referred to it as a 'four-year prison sentence'.** ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Contemporaries: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">R.M. Williams is an Australian bushman, famous for creating a style of bushwear recognised world wide as uniquely Australian. He also had many adventures in Australia's rugged outback and rose from swagman to millionaire.

Reginald Murray Williams, or 'R.M.' as most know him, was born in 1908 at Belalie North near the Flinders Ranges, two hundred kilometres north of Adelaide. || [] ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">SIR MARK OLIPHANT <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(1901 - 2000)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Sir Mark Oliphant is one of Australia's great scientists, a man with a brilliant mind.

Yet many remember him for participating in something he would prefer to forget, the creation of the atom bomb.

Sir Mark was born in Adelaide in 1901, the eldest of five boys.

|| [] ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">EDDIE MABO
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">**(Eddie Koiki Sambo changed his birth name to Eddie Koiki Mabo)**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(1936 - 1992)
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Eddie Koiki Mabo was a Torres Strait Islander who believed white laws were wrong and fought to change them. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">The historic Mabo decision by the High Court of Australia overturned terra - nullius - or 'no-ones land' which the British declared before claiming Australia over two hundred years ago. || [] || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Why do their life is regarded as significant and why they are admirable. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Marr has produced a great literary biography. He has assembled a vast amount of information -- it is difficult to imagine that he has overlooked anything. He does not recoil from any of the complexities of White's behavior or achievement; he writes not to bury, or to praise, but in the hope of creating sympathetic understanding. He can't explain Patrick White; for that you have to turn to the fathomless and mysterious depths of the great novelsHis life was eventful because of the worlds he lived in. || [] || His life was eventful because of the worlds he lived in. He was born into a prominent and wealthy Australians family; an independent income is what made his writing possible, because during long years before the Nobel, he never made more than $15,000 a year from his work, and often quite a bit less. He was educated in England, traveled extensively in America and served during World War II in North Africa, where he met his life's companion, Manoly Lascaris, a Greek. After the war, he returned to Australia, where for many years he raised dogs and ran a farm; it was there that he wrote most of the books that won him the prize -- "The Tree of Man," "Voss," "Riders in the Chariot," "The Solid Mandala," "The Vivisector." Later came "The Eye of the Storm," "A Fringe of Leaves," "The Twyborn Affair" and the memoir ''Flaws in the Glass." || [] || Patrick White was a difficult man who wrote difficult novels that won him the Nobel Prize in 1973. He was an Australian and a homosexual, both circumstances that contributed to a sense of isolation that is one of the major subjects of his fiction. || [] || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Establishes when and where the person died and the effect their work and values had on people. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;"> White died on September 30, 1990 in Sydney, after a long illness. Throughout his career as a writer, White had protected his own privacy, and on his own instruction, the news of his death was made public only after the funeral had taken place. A selection of White's letters, edited by his biographer David Marr || [] || was published in 1996. They chronicle the author's interest in Jewish culture after an early ignorant anti-Semitism, his idyllic wartime period in West Africa, his anti-royalism sparked by the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, and his belief in the validity of homosexual unions || [] || Manoly Lascaris, the lifelong partner of the Nobel Prize-winning author Patrick White, has died in Sydney at the age of 91. He died at the nursing home Lulworth House, in Elizabeth Bay, where he had spent the past three months. Lulworth House is Patrick White's childhood home. The modern building stands on the garden of the original Lulworth House, the White family's home from 1916 || [] ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Why the person is a significant person: **
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Reorientation: **
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Source:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">Pictures ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">[|http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2006/11/02/patrick_white_wideweb__470x323,0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.smh.com.au/news/books/patrick-whites-return-from-the-pit/2006/11/02/1162339990980.html&usg=__QLQpGrtffmvNxilp1nyhJiAEzmI=&h=323&w=470&sz=24&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=iEdFsniXt5QD9M:&tbnh=89&tbnw=129&prev=/images%]: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;">[[image:http://bandofthebes.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341cc27e53ef01156fb7601f970c-600wi width="330" height="266"]][[image:http://www.nla.gov.au/pressrel/pw.jpg]][[image:http://antipodeanowl.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/patrick-white.jpg]] ||